Powell,+Dominique+Toynelle

Cold War
What took place at Yalta?
 * Problems at Yalta**
 * The Yalta Conference

Who were the leaders there?
 * Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill

List 5 potential problems that came out of Yalta?
 * Agreement to the priority of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany.
 * the liberated nations of Europe would create democratic governments of their own choice
 * Germany would pay war reparations
 * the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan
 * After the war, Germany and Berlin would be split into four occupied zones

2. **Work in groups of three to Create a Cold War graphic organizer.**

** 1. Answer the following questions on your wikispace in complete sentences. ** **What was the significance of //Brown v. Board of Education//**//?// It stated that segregation in public schools was against the constitution and violated the 14th amendment. This would pave the way for more outcries for change. ** What roles did Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill play in the demise of segregated schools? ** They were both attorneys who pushed their cases to Supreme court, and challenged anything and everything they could about the rights African Americans deserve. **How did Virginia respond to the //Brown v. Board of Education// decision?**

With massive resistance. Encouraged all other southern states to not follow the supreme court, and make up other ways to keep the schools segregated. ** How did the 1963 March on Washington influence public opinion about civil rights? ** Because they were so peaceful and dignant about it. It showed others that other races also supported the civil rights, and it helped push on the bill to be passed. ** How did the legislative process advance the cause of civil rights for African Americans? ** It gave the attorney general more power to bring lawsuits and force schools desegregation and required private employers to end discrimination in the workplace. ** How did the NAACP advance civil rights for African Americans? ** They pushed along many cases that went toward the Civil Rights Act and they helped them get good educations even before the desegretation. ** How has the membership of the United States Supreme Court changed to become more diverse over time? ** They allowed African Americans and women **How have the decisions of the United States Supreme Court promoted equality and extended civil liberties?**

They upheld the Constitution an at last put an end to an era of ignorance and negligence. They gave them the right to Vote, an education and peace of mind. The constitution finally extended to a wider range of people.


 * 2. Find a transcript of Dr. King's "I Have a Dream Speech ** ". **Analyze and explain ** **each part of the speech**.

“I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.”

“But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back.”
 * African Americans were promised rights under the Emancipation Proclamation that weren’t upheld, and they were promised rights under the Constitution that also weren’t upheld. Now they’ve had enough, and no that now is the time is to demand rights, because they’re tried of broken promises. **

“There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." ¹ I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a //dream// today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a //dream// today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together." 2  This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning: //My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.// //Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,// //From every mountainside, let freedom ring!// And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when //all// of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: //Free at last! Free at last!// //Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!//” **Some people have been fighting this fight for so long, but they can’t stop until their freedom is ensured. People should never be satisfied with having less than what they deserve. They should not be proud that their children have to endure so much, they need to make the change now so others can have can have it better. What they do now will shape the world forever, this is America and it’s in our right to be free!** ** 3. In a graphic organizer, make a list of all of the important people that helped to make the Civil Rights movement a success. Be sure to include their significance. Use the chart feature on wiki or word. ** ** 4 ** . **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">List five Supreme Court cases ** **that guaranteed** **Civil Rights and** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">explain ** **each case.**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Although they are outraged they have to stay peaceful, and they have to be calm. They have to have pride and dignity, and they can’t give up and return to the way of the past. They must fight, but they can’t fight with their fists. **
 * Who || Significance ||
 * Thurgood Marshall || Helped take the case “Brown v. Board of Education to Supreme Court where it over-turned Plessy v. Ferguson ||
 * Rosa Parks || Defied the segregation on buses which sparked a movement of bus boycotts and other peaceful protests ||
 * JFK || Posed the Civil Rights Act and tried ferociously to get it passed in the Senate ||
 * Martin Luther King Jr. || Held many peaceful protests and more importantly the March on Washington and the “I have a dream” speech ||
 * Malcom X || Encouraged African Americans to take pride in their culture and heritage and not be ashamed of where they come from, and never frown in the face of adversity ||
 * W.E.B. DuBois || Advocated for African Americans to stand against discrimination, and founded the NAACP ||

** Brown v. Board of Education ** – Collectively ended segregation throughout public schools ** Swann v. Charolette ** -Mecklenburg Board of Education – Busing students, reorganizing school boundaries and racial ratios all be used as methods to obtain desegregated public school systems. Ensured that schools were not segregated. **Sweatt v. Painter** – It was unconstitutional for African Americans to be denied admission to the University of Texas Law School **Morgan v. Virginia** – Challenged racial segregation in the south. Ended segregation on buses. **Norris v. Alabama** – Overturned the sentencing of an African American because the jury was set up so there were no black jurors. Went against the 14th amendment. ** 5. Read the " Letter from a Birmingham Jail " and create a SOAPS ** S- Discrimination against African Americans O- Segregation, his arrest and racial inequality A- Any supports of the Civil rights movement, African Americans P- To inform the people about his situation and to encourage them to never give up on their fight for justice S- Luther discusses his plans for going against racism, organizing peaceful protests, marching, sit-ins, boycotts, etc. He’s disappointed with how the church attacked his group, but he’s willing to overlook a lot of things to keep his goal in mind and moving on with the Civil Rights Movement.